Non-linear dielectric spectroscopy for detecting and evaluating structure-property relations in a P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) relaxor-ferroelectric terpolymer

Abstract Non-linear dielectric spectroscopy (NLDS) is employed as an effective tool to study relaxation processes and phase transitions of a poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)) relaxor-ferroelectric (R-F) terpolymer in detail. Measurements the non-linear permittivity $${\varepsilon _{2}^{'}}$$ ? 2 ? reveal peaks at 30 80 $$\,^\circ$$ ? C that cannot be identified conventional spectroscopy. By combining results from NLDS experiments with those other techniques such thermally stimulated depolarization dielectric-hysteresis studies, it possible explain behind additional peaks. The former peak, which associated mid-temperature transition, found all vinylidene fluoride-based polymers may help understand non-zero $$\varepsilon _\mathrm {2}^{'}$$ values are detected on paraelectric terpolymer. latter peak can also observed during cooling P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer samples 100 due conduction space-charge polarization result accumulation real charges electrode–sample interface.